Evaluating Oxygenation, Blood Gas Analyzers & QA/QC

Objective 1.3.1 — Hypoxemia vs. hypoxia; PaO₂ ranges and the age-adjusted rule of thumb; arterial oxygen content (CaO₂); the alveolar air equation and A–a gradient; blood-gas electrodes (SANZ, Severinghaus, Clark); co-oximetry and the four hemoglobin species; point-of-care testing (i-STAT); regulatory agencies (CLIA, CAP, TJC, CLIP, CMS, NCCLS); calibration (1-, 2-, 3-point); and Levey-Jennings / Westgard quality-control rules.