Acid–Base Homeostasis

Objective 1.2.1 — Hydrogen ion concentration and pH; pH homeostasis via the lungs, kidneys, and blood buffers; CO₂ production, transport, and excretion; energy metabolism and the respiratory quotient (RQ); the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and the factors that shift it (pH, temperature, 2,3-DPG, Bohr/Haldane effects); and step-by-step interpretation of arterial blood gases (ROME).