Cardiovascular Pathophysiology

Congenital Heart Defects

Congenital cardiovascular disease and malformation, acyanotic and cyanotic defects, shunt direction, duct-dependent circulation, diagnostics, and correction.

Valvular Dysfunctions

Stenosis, regurgitation, and prolapse across aortic, mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonic valves with causes, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment.

Cardiomyopathies

Dilated, restrictive, infiltrative, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, including mechanical and electrical dysfunction, causes, symptoms, and diagnostics.

Inflammatory Heart Diseases

Endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis with clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and treatment.

Coronary Artery Disease & Atherosclerosis

Plaque development, artery structure, atherosclerotic complications, ischemia, infarction, cardiac biomarkers, and atherothrombotic risk factors.

Module Exam

Comprehensive 50-question module exam covering congenital heart defects, valvular dysfunctions, cardiomyopathies, inflammatory heart diseases, and coronary artery disease.